Fall, 2003
Research Methods in Social Psychology (830:323:01)
T4 & Th 4,5

Instructor: Richard D. Ashmore
Office: 613 Tillett Hall
Telephone: 445-2635
Office Hours: Tues. 2:50-4:10pm

Introduction and Overview

This is an advanced undergraduate-level research methods in social psychology course. The course will emphasize the basics of research (generating researchable ideas, hypothesis testing, scientific writing, reliability and validity) and major types of research (nonexperimental and experimental). The course involves lecture, class discussion, and class research projects. The research projects will be written up in APA style. It is assumed that you have had an introductory class in statistical methods (or quantitative methods) and social psychology prior to your participation in this course.

The course has two primary objectives. The first goal is to introduce students to the hows and whys of doing research in social psychology. We will take a “hands on” approach to this goal, so that by the end of the class you will have had experience with hypothesis testing in a variety of ways. The second objective is to encourage students to discuss and debate the issues involved in conducting research, with the aim of becoming critical consumers of research. Not everyone taking this course will become a researcher, but we all need to be able to evaluate research claims.

Class time will involve lectures, discussion of the assigned readings, small group projects, peer critiquing of paper drafts, and research preparation. In general, lecture content will be different from material presented in the text, although topics will overlap and complement one another. The course is designed incrementally, so that skills learned early in the course are critical for success at subsequent assignments. Students are, therefore, strongly urged to attend all class sessions.

Assignments and Grading

Grading

Final course grades will be determined as follows:

10% Participation
50% Two Papers (25% each paper)
Paper #1 (due beginning of class on 10/30)
Paper #2 (due by 4:30 PM on 12/11)
30% Two Quizzes (15% each exam)
Quiz 1 10/2
Quiz 2 11/18
10% BTBA

Notes: (1) 1/3 of a grade will be deducted for each day that a paper is late; (2) Participation, the two papers, the two quizzes, and the BTBA are the sole bases for grading (i.e., there are no extra credit assignments); (3) The final course grade is final (i.e., it is not possible to improve a final grade by doing some extra task).

Quantity and quality of participation. Basically, how much does the student contribute to the class? The degree of contribution depends on how much the person participates in class discussion and the carrying out of research projects (quantity) and how good that participation is (quality). The latter is much harder to measure, because it involves subjective judgment. I will try to use the following questions in making my quality of participation evaluations: How much does class participation reflect having read and thought about course reading material? How clearly and cogently are ideas expressed? How good are the ideas expressed? In terms of the carrying out of research projects, how well is the student prepared and how well is data collected, entered, etc? How good a team player is the student in projects that involve small groups?

Papers. There will be two (2) papers. The details of each paper assignment are described below and will be elaborated on in class. Each is to be done in APA style. These papers are write ups of research as would be submitted to a journal for publication.
And, as with any journal write up, each paper will go through multiple drafts. Writing will play a major role in this course.
NOTE. Plagiarism will result in a grade of F for the course (see Rosnow & Rosenthal [text] pp. 76-77).

Quizzes. There will be two quizzes (10/2 and 11/18). The quizzes will include only multiple choice questions, and these will be drawn only from the assigned reading (i.e. the text [R&R] and reserved reading articles). Quiz 1 will include text material assigned from 9/2 through 9/30 and Quiz 2 will include text material assigned from 10/7 through 11/13. Make-ups will be given only for documented medical reasons.

BTBA. It is expected that you attend all class meetings. Attendance will not be taken, but 10% of your final grade will depend on 10 “Be There and Be Alert” (BT&BA) assignments (1 point per assignment), which will be done in class on a random schedule and which will be relatively easy to complete and do well on (i.e., earn the one possible point) if you (1) have done the reading assignment, (2) attend class, and (3) stay alert in class. Quite simply, at the end of some class meetings, we will ask you to answer a small number of questions about the reading assigned for that class and/or what went on during the class. These questions will not be difficult. They will be graded 0 (not present or incorrect answer) and 1 (correct answer). A 1 means that you were prepared, present and alert, hence these are “Be There and Be Alert) (BT&BA) assignments. There will be no makeups for these assignments.

Required Reading

Texts: Rosnow, R. L. and Rosenthal, R. (1999). Beginning behavioral research: A conceptual primer (Fourth edition) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Reserved Reading: Five articles have been placed on reserve at the Kilmer Area Library: McGuire (1973), Ashmore, Del Boca & Bilder (1995), Anderson & Bushman (1997), Asch (1946), Rosenberg, Nelson & Vivekananthan (1968). These articles are also available online.

Note: Each reading assignment should be done for the day assigned and students should be ready to discuss the reading on that day.

Also, please bring our text and this syllabus to each class meeting.

CLASS SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS

Mtg. # Date Topic/Activity/Assignment
1 9/2 T Introduction to course
    Assignment for next session 9/4: Think about what interests you about human social behavior. Then, using the strategies suggested by Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999) and McGuire (1973), come up with one researchable idea. Next, write a brief paper in which you explain: (1) The idea; (2) The strategy by which you came up with the idea; (3) How you might test your idea empirically. Bring this paper to class on 9/4 and be prepared to discuss.
    The Basics: Start to Finish—Ideas, Theories, Measurement, and Scientific Writing
2 9/4 Th (a) What is social psychology?
Ways of knowing/Thinking scientifically
(b) Coming up with creative research ideas, featuring discussion of “researchable idea” assignment.
Reading;
Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999). Chapters 1 and 2. Concentrateon pp. 26-36, in Chapter 2.
McGuire, W. J. (1973). The yin and yang of progress in social Psychology: Seven Koan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 26, 446-456.
Assignment for 9/9 session:Think about what interests you about human social behavior (perhaps continuing with the same general topic you used for the “researchable idea” assignment). Then, develop a simple theory about this topic. Bring this brief paper to class on 9/9 and be prepared to discuss.
3 9/9 T Theories Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999). Reread chapter 2 (What are main points esp. in pp. 44-53)
4 9/11 Th Systematic observation and measurement Reading: Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), Chapter 4
5 9/16 T Reliability Reading: Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), Chapter 6 (esp. pp. 134-145)
6 9/18 Th Validity Reading: Review Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), Chapter 6
Anderson, C. A. & Bushman, B. J. (1997). External validity of “trivial” experiments. The case of laboratory aggression. Review of General Psychology, 1, 19-41.
7 9/23 T How to write a journal article Reading: Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), appendix A.
Project #1: (Cor)relational research—Develop self-report attitude scale
8 9/25 Th (Cor)relational ResearchReading:Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), Chapter 11
9 9/30 T a) Complete GAI and discuss(b) Assessing attitudes—Self-report measures and other approaches Reading: Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), Chapter 5 Assignment for next session: Identify important dimensions or facets of our attitude object, Rutgers University. Also, how might we assess the validity of a self-report measure of attitude toward Rutgers University 10/7.
10 10/2 Th (a) Quiz (b) ___________ will conduct session on how to use electronic data bases to do a literature search.
11 10/7 T Attitude Discuss item writing; what are the dimensions or facets of Rutgers University? how might we obtain preliminary validity evidence? Reading: Ashmore, R. D., Del Boca, F. K., & Bilder, S. M. (1995). Construction and validation of the Gender Attitude Inventory (GAI): A structured inventory to assess multiple dimensions of gender attitudes. Sex Roles, 32, 753-785. Assignment for the next day: By 10/8 4:30 p m, write 6 items (3 positively-keyed and 3 negatively-keyed) and send as e-mail attachment to ________. (Also, as a backup, put a hard copy in ______'s mail folder in Tillett 101). Assignment for next session 10/9: Use PsychInfo or other library resources to identify at least 3 articles pertinent to attitude toward Rutgers University. On the basis of these articles and Ashmore et. al. (1995), what items could we add to our questionnaire, in addition to the scale, in order to provide preliminary and partial validity evidence? Bring to class on 10/9.
12 10/9 Th (a) Discuss proposed items and decide on “final” scale(b) Discuss other questions to ask, especially regarding validity (c) Discuss what types of participants to recruit
13 10/16 T Practice procedure for approaching possible participants Assignment for next class: Give questionnaire to 4 “strangers” (using agreed-upon standard “random” procedure) and bring raw data to class on 10/16.
14 10/16 Th Data entry(a) How to (b) Enter and check data (b) Assignment for next class: Prepare a first-draft of your paper with a detailed hypotheses section. Bring this draft to class on 10/21 and be prepared to discuss.
15 10/21 T Discuss paper First draft, focusing on the hypotheses section Assignment for next class: Prepare a revised second draft of your paper with a schematic Results section, describing which analyses will be done on the data, in which order these will be reported, and what data patterns and statistical tests will support the hypotheses.
16 10/23 Th (a)_______ will present data analyses(b) Discuss results and second drafts of paper Reading: Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), chapter 11, 12 Assignment for next class: Prepare a third draft of your paper. This should have details of all major parts of the paper: Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion. Assignment for 10/30—Paper #1: In APA style, write up results of Project #1. This should be a full APA style paper, with “complete” and polished Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion sections.Paper 1 due by start of class on 10/30.
17 10/28 T (a) Discuss third draft write up of Project #1(b) Prepare for our Project #2
    Interlude: Ethics
18 10/30 Th Ethics Reading: Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), Chapter 3 In class:(1) View and discuss Milgram film(2) Continue to prepare for Project 2
Project #2: Experimental research on social perception
19 11/4 T (a) Participate in experiment(b) Social Perception
    (Visit Intro Psych classes and post sign up sheets for 11/13-11/25 as necessary)
20 11/6 Th Experimental ResearchReading:Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), Chapter 7 Assignment for next class: What “other variable” could we profitably add to warm/cold in our extended replication of Asch (1946) given the results and theoretical interpretation of Rosenberg, et al. 1968? Bring to class on 11/11
21 11/11 T (a) Internal validity(b) What “other variable” will be included in our extendedreplication of Asch (1946)?(c) Finalize experimental design Reading: Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), Chapter 6 (especially pp. 154-156)Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41, 258-290 Rosenberg, S., Nelson, C. E., Vivekananthan, P. S. (1968). A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 283-294. Assignment for next class: Re-read carefully crucial sections of Asch (1946) and Rosenberg et al. (1968) and be prepared to explain how our study extends Asch by building on Rosenberg et al (1968) and be prepared to explain how our study extends Asch by building on Rosenberg et al..
22 11/13 Th (a) Discuss how our study extends Asch by building on Rosenberg et al.(b) Train to run experiment. Assignment for 11/13-11/25: Run experiment. Six teams (3 students in each team) will run about 20 participants in one session each sometime between 11/13 and 11/25. E1 will be responsible for bringing all data for her/his session to class on 11/25.Assignment for 11/20 class” Use PsychInfo or other library resources to identify at least 3 articles pertinent to our study.Prepare a first draft of your paper with a detailed hypotheses section. Bring this draft to class on 11/20 and be prepared to discuss.
23 11/18 T Quiz 2
24 11/20 Th Discuss first draft of paper
25 11/25 T (a) How to enter data(b) Enter and check data Assignment for 12/2: Prepare a second draft of your paper with a detailed Introduction and Method sections
26 12/2 T Discuss second draft of write up. Assignment for next class: Prepare a revised third draft of your paper, with schematic Results section, describing which analyses will be done, in which order they will be reported, and how statistical analyses will support predictions. Bring to class on 12/4..
27 12/4 Th (a) __________ will present data analyses(b) Discuss results and third draft of paper Reading: Rosnow & Rosenthal (1999), chapter 14, 15. Assignment for next class: Prepare a revised fourth draft of your paper. This should have details of all major parts of the paper – Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion. Assignment for 12/11 – paper #2: APA style paper presenting Project #2; due by 4:30 p.m. on 12/11. Introduction should involve Asch (1946), Rosenberg, Nelson, & Vivekananthan, plus at least 3 other articles. Also, the Introduction should include hypotheses; Methods, Results and Discussion should be detailed. The full paper should be “polished”.
28 12/9 T Discuss and critique revised fourth drafts on Paper #2.Assignment for 12/11 - Paper #2 APA style paper presenting Project #2 due by 12/11, 4:30 P.M.